ABSTRACT 

From ancient origins to 2 billion currently infected people worldwide, Tuberculosis (TB) has survived untiringly over the course of history. According to The Global Tuberculosis Report of 2020 by WHO, around 10.4 million TB new cases are been reported each year and almost one-third of the world’s population are carriers (Mac and Izzo 1). Opportunistic infections such as TB and HIV can join forces to minimize lifespan. People, who had developed a TB-HIV co-infection, have a higher risk for progressing to TB disease. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a worldwide ongoing serious issue which reported 1.7 million new cases in 2018 (CDC 18). Since HIV patients have a compromised immune system, they must be extra cautious to prevent a Covid-19 infection. The world remains vigilant due to the evolving Covid-19 outbreak. According to the Corona Virus Resource Center, around 47,000,000 cases and 1,200,000 deaths have been reported worldwide for Covid-19 (CSSE). The TB, HIV, and Covid-19 are past-present-future sample scenarios of the effects of globalizing forces on the emergence, dispersion, and circulation of infectious diseases. No one can escape from the growing global threat of an infectious disease outbreak. Nowadays, a disease carrier or vector can be undercover as an enthusiastic traveler/tourist or a simple mosquito. Back in the day, globalization emerged as a limitless ground for people to travel around the world and to exchange goods freely between countries. Unfortunately, not only people kept moving, pathogens were able to rich global rides on airplanes and products. Then, the outgrowing trade, economic development, and cultural exchange encouraged the spread of infectious diseases. The constant fear for the emergence and rapid global dispersion of infectious disease demands for a global health community collaboration. Outstanding teamwork between government and health care institutions is essential to address a worldwide threat of an infectious disease.

Figure 1:Klein, David. “Opinion | ‘Network Effects’ Multiply a Viral Threat.” The Wall Street Journal. Ed. Niall Ferguson. Dow Jones & Company, 08 Mar. 2020. Web. 18 Dec. 2020.

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